(palimpsests). In the XIII-XV centuries in

reproduced by hand, in contrast

manuscripts held onto

which is carried out by the printing

written on the parchment was scratched out

... As a rule, the manuscript is called

handwritten books were made,

At the same time, many antique

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

Since manuscripts are subject to deterioration

Middle Ages as in Western

commonly associated with

only a few survived.

elements (case, binding).